一、考慮診斷或治療目的

　　1、 Consider the purpose of diagnosis or treatment

　　不同的內(nèi)窺鏡設(shè)備適用于不同的診斷和治療目的。例如，對于常規(guī)的胃腸道檢查，食管胃十二指腸鏡和結(jié)腸鏡是常用的選擇。而對于一些特殊的領(lǐng)域，如超聲內(nèi)鏡檢查，可以提供更詳細(xì)的組織圖像和診斷信息。如果需要進(jìn)行微創(chuàng)手術(shù)，如內(nèi)鏡逆行胰膽管造影等先進(jìn)的內(nèi)窺鏡手術(shù)，則需要特定的內(nèi)窺鏡設(shè)備和工具。

　　Different endoscopic devices are suitable for different diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. For example, for routine gastrointestinal examinations, esophagogastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy are commonly used options. For some special fields, such as endoscopic ultrasonography, more detailed tissue images and diagnostic information can be provided. If minimally invasive surgery is required, such as advanced endoscopic procedures like endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, specific endoscopic equipment and tools are needed.

　　二、關(guān)注患者年齡和體重

　　2、 Pay attention to the patient's age and weight

　　對于兒科患者，選擇內(nèi)窺鏡設(shè)備時(shí)需要特別考慮患者的年齡和體重。外鏡尖端和工作通道直徑對于較小的兒童至關(guān)重要。較小的內(nèi)窺鏡可能會(huì)限制配件的使用，而這些配件主要用于治療目的。目前有外徑從 4.9 毫米到 12.8 毫米的胃鏡和外徑從 9.8 毫米到 13.3 毫米的結(jié)腸鏡可供選擇。工作通道直徑從最細(xì)儀器的 1.5 毫米到最大成人治療內(nèi)窺鏡的 4.2 毫米不等。大多數(shù)兒科內(nèi)鏡醫(yī)生會(huì)根據(jù)患者的年齡、體重、個(gè)人經(jīng)驗(yàn)和偏好以及要執(zhí)行的診斷或治療程序來選擇儀器。

　　For pediatric patients, special consideration should be given to the patient's age and weight when choosing endoscopic equipment. The tip of the external mirror and the diameter of the working channel are crucial for smaller children. Smaller endoscopes may limit the use of accessories, which are primarily used for therapeutic purposes. At present, there are gastroscopes with outer diameters ranging from 4.9 millimeters to 12.8 millimeters and colonoscopes with outer diameters ranging from 9.8 millimeters to 13.3 millimeters available for selection. The diameter of the working channel ranges from 1.5 millimeters for the thinnest instrument to 4.2 millimeters for the largest adult treatment endoscope. Most pediatric endoscopists choose instruments based on the patient's age, weight, personal experience and preferences, as well as the diagnostic or treatment procedures to be performed.

　　三、評估設(shè)備的技術(shù)參數(shù)

　　3、 Evaluate the technical parameters of the equipment

　　外徑和工作通道直徑：這兩個(gè)參數(shù)直接影響設(shè)備的適用性和可操作性。較小的外徑可以更容易地插入患者體內(nèi)，特別是對于兒童和身體較為虛弱的患者。較大的工作通道直徑則可以容納更多的治療工具和設(shè)備。

　　Outer diameter and working channel diameter: These two parameters directly affect the applicability and operability of the equipment. A smaller outer diameter can be more easily inserted into the patient's body, especially for children and patients with weaker bodies. A larger diameter of the working channel can accommodate more treatment tools and equipment.

　　圖像質(zhì)量：高分辨率的圖像可以提供更準(zhǔn)確的診斷信息。選擇具有良好圖像質(zhì)量的內(nèi)窺鏡設(shè)備可以提高診斷的準(zhǔn)確性和可靠性。例如，超聲內(nèi)鏡可以提供更詳細(xì)的組織圖像，有助于醫(yī)生更好地了解病變的性質(zhì)和范圍。

　　Image quality: High resolution images can provide more accurate diagnostic information. Choosing endoscopic equipment with good image quality can improve the accuracy and reliability of diagnosis. For example, endoscopic ultrasound can provide more detailed tissue images, which helps doctors better understand the nature and extent of lesions.

　　靈活性和可操縱性：對于一些需要在狹窄空間或復(fù)雜解剖結(jié)構(gòu)中進(jìn)行檢查的情況，內(nèi)窺鏡的靈活性和可操縱性非常重要。鉸接式內(nèi)窺鏡通常由電纜和杠桿控制，可以彎曲設(shè)備的遠(yuǎn)端，從而能夠進(jìn)行路線選擇或改變視野。研究表明，影響傳統(tǒng)內(nèi)窺鏡控制曲率半徑的主要因素包括尖端的幾何和物理特性及其相互作用。通過優(yōu)化幾何和物理屬性，可以滿足特定的內(nèi)窺鏡尖端設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，實(shí)現(xiàn)更緊密的彎曲半徑，提高設(shè)備的可操縱性。

　　Flexibility and maneuverability: For situations that require examination in narrow spaces or complex anatomical structures, the flexibility and maneuverability of endoscopes are crucial. Articulated endoscopes are typically controlled by cables and levers, which can bend the distal end of the device to enable route selection or change of field of view. Research has shown that the main factors affecting the control of curvature radius in traditional endoscopes include the geometric and physical properties of the tip and their interactions. By optimizing geometric and physical properties, specific endoscope tip design standards can be met, achieving tighter bending radii and improving device maneuverability.

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