常見(jiàn)故障類型及成因

Common types and causes of faults

光學(xué)系統(tǒng)故障

Optical system malfunction

內(nèi)窺鏡的光學(xué)系統(tǒng)負(fù)責(zé)將圖像清晰地傳輸?shù)结t(yī)生視野中。但在實(shí)際使用過(guò)程中，物鏡和目鏡容易因碰撞、刮擦出現(xiàn)磨損或損壞，導(dǎo)致圖像模糊、變形甚至無(wú)法成像。此外，光纖斷裂也是常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題，其多由過(guò)度彎曲或拉伸造成，會(huì)導(dǎo)致光線傳輸受阻，影響成像質(zhì)量。

The optical system of an endoscope is responsible for transmitting images clearly into the doctor's field of view. However, in practical use, the objective lens and eyepiece are prone to wear and tear or damage due to collisions and scratches, resulting in blurred, deformed, or even impossible imaging of the image. In addition, fiber breakage is also a common problem, which is often caused by excessive bending or stretching, which can hinder the transmission of light and affect the imaging quality.

機(jī)械系統(tǒng)故障

Mechanical system malfunction

機(jī)械系統(tǒng)的故障主要體現(xiàn)在插入管、彎曲部和活檢鉗道等部位。插入管長(zhǎng)期使用，其外表面容易出現(xiàn)老化、破損，不僅影響設(shè)備的正常使用，還可能對(duì)患者造成傷害。彎曲部的鋼絲和關(guān)節(jié)如果出現(xiàn)斷裂或松動(dòng)，會(huì)導(dǎo)致彎曲角度異常，使醫(yī)生難以準(zhǔn)確觀察病變部位?；顧z鉗道因頻繁使用，容易被異物堵塞，影響活檢器械的進(jìn)出。

The faults of the mechanical system are mainly reflected in the insertion tube, bending part, and biopsy forceps channel. Long term use of the insertion tube can lead to aging and damage on its outer surface, which not only affects the normal use of the equipment but may also cause harm to the patient. If the steel wires and joints in the bent part break or loosen, it will cause abnormal bending angles, making it difficult for doctors to accurately observe the affected area. The biopsy forceps are prone to blockage by foreign objects due to frequent use, which affects the entry and exit of biopsy instruments.

電氣系統(tǒng)故障

Electrical system malfunction

電氣系統(tǒng)故障會(huì)造成設(shè)備無(wú)法正常開(kāi)機(jī)、圖像顯示異常等問(wèn)題。常見(jiàn)的原因包括電纜線老化、接頭松動(dòng)、電路板損壞等。尤其是在潮濕環(huán)境下使用，或者設(shè)備長(zhǎng)期未保養(yǎng)，電氣部件容易受潮，引發(fā)短路等故障。

Electrical system failures can cause equipment to fail to start up properly, abnormal image display, and other issues. Common reasons include cable aging, loose joints, and damaged circuit boards. Especially when used in humid environments or if the equipment is not maintained for a long time, electrical components are prone to moisture and can cause faults such as short circuits.

維修流程

Repair process

故障診斷

fault diagnosis

維修的第一步是準(zhǔn)確診斷故障。維修人員會(huì)與使用人員溝通，了解設(shè)備的故障現(xiàn)象、使用環(huán)境和操作過(guò)程，收集相關(guān)信息。接著，對(duì)設(shè)備進(jìn)行全面檢查，運(yùn)用專業(yè)檢測(cè)工具，如顯微鏡、示波器等，檢測(cè)光學(xué)、機(jī)械和電氣系統(tǒng)，確定故障的具體部位和原因。

The first step in maintenance is to accurately diagnose the fault. Maintenance personnel will communicate with users to understand the equipment's fault symptoms, usage environment, and operation process, and collect relevant information. Next, conduct a comprehensive inspection of the equipment, using professional testing tools such as microscopes, oscilloscopes, etc. to detect optical, mechanical, and electrical systems, and determine the specific location and cause of the malfunction.

零部件更換與修復(fù)

Component replacement and repair

確定故障后，維修人員會(huì)根據(jù)損壞情況，選擇更換或修復(fù)零部件。對(duì)于磨損嚴(yán)重、無(wú)法修復(fù)的光學(xué)鏡片和損壞的電纜線，需及時(shí)更換新的原廠配件，以保證設(shè)備性能和成像質(zhì)量。對(duì)于彎曲部的鋼絲、關(guān)節(jié)等機(jī)械部件，若損壞程度較輕，可進(jìn)行修復(fù)；若損壞嚴(yán)重，則需更換。

After identifying the fault, maintenance personnel will choose to replace or repair the parts based on the extent of the damage. For severely worn and irreparable optical lenses and damaged cables, it is necessary to replace them with new original accessories in a timely manner to ensure equipment performance and imaging quality. For mechanical components such as steel wires and joints in curved parts, if the damage is minor, repair can be carried out; If the damage is severe, it needs to be replaced.

校準(zhǔn)與調(diào)試

Calibration and Debugging

完成零部件更換或修復(fù)后，要對(duì)設(shè)備進(jìn)行校準(zhǔn)和調(diào)試。對(duì)光學(xué)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行清晰度、色彩還原度等方面的校準(zhǔn)，確保圖像質(zhì)量符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。對(duì)機(jī)械系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行彎曲角度、活檢鉗道通暢性等測(cè)試，保證設(shè)備操作靈活、功能正常。對(duì)電氣系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行電氣性能測(cè)試，確保設(shè)備安全運(yùn)行。

After completing the replacement or repair of components, the equipment should be calibrated and debugged. Calibrate the optical system for clarity, color reproduction, and other aspects to ensure image quality meets standards. Test the mechanical system for bending angle, biopsy forceps patency, etc., to ensure flexible operation and normal functionality of the equipment. Conduct electrical performance testing on the electrical system to ensure safe operation of the equipment.

質(zhì)量檢測(cè)

Quality Inspection

維修完成后，要進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格的質(zhì)量檢測(cè)。模擬設(shè)備的實(shí)際使用場(chǎng)景，進(jìn)行多項(xiàng)性能測(cè)試，包括圖像質(zhì)量、操作手感、密封性等。只有通過(guò)全部測(cè)試，設(shè)備才能交付使用。

After the repair is completed, strict quality inspection must be carried out. Simulate the actual usage scenario of the device and conduct multiple performance tests, including image quality, operating feel, sealing, etc. Only by passing all tests can the equipment be delivered for use.

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